Nature-based solutions (NbS) are crucial for mitigating flood and drought risks, heat stress, and pollution in urban areas. Despite their benefits, many city planners still lean on traditional grey infrastructure.

NbS can help cities by creating permeable infrastructure to absorb water, improving water quality through natural filtration, reducing emissions with green vegetation, and enhancing flood resilience. They also provide recreational green-blue spaces, boosting citizen well-being and biodiversity.This approach leverages natural processes to address socio-ecological challenges like climate change and urbanisation, offering integrated solutions that benefit society, the environment, and the economy.

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While reports indicate a growing inclusion of NbS in climate action plans, green coverage varies significantly across regions, often reflecting a reluctance to adopt these solutions. Barriers such as funding, stakeholder engagement, and the complex nature of urban environments hinder widespread implementation.