Fire management seeks to modify wildfire dynamics, but achieving the right balance is complex. Minimising risk to life and property whilst maintaining a healthy environment and safeguarding natural resources requires compromise. This complexity becomes increasingly pronounced when considering other influences such as financial viability and climate change.

A flexible framework for cost-effective fire management offers a foundation for comparing the potential of different fuel treatment options in south-eastern Australia. There is no one-size-fits-all strategy; different regions require tailored approaches, and trade-offs are necessary. Cost-effectiveness can vary significantly, based on the management values considered. Climate change is likely to reduce the effectiveness of prescribed burning.

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The study underscores the importance of flexibility in developing and implementing fire management methods. It also looks at the compatibility of this approach with Aboriginal cultural burning practices and other methods outside mainstream fire management strategies.

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Escalating fire risk around the world indicates that re-evaluation of current best practices is essential.